ClaimBlood doctrinesupported1990sOutcome

Blood doctrine · Claim record

In Re A.Y. (Newfoundland, 1993) the court declined to order transfusions for Adrian Yeatts (14 at diagnosis according to Awake!, described as 15 in later accounts) as a 'mature minor'; he died on 13 September 1993.

Claim ID claim-blood-case-ay-yeattsConcerns 13 September 1993Outcome

The claim and its evidence

Outcome · 13 September 1993 Supported

In Re A.Y. (Newfoundland, 1993) the court declined to order transfusions for Adrian Yeatts (14 at diagnosis according to Awake!, described as 15 in later accounts) as a 'mature minor'; he died on 13 September 1993. Source: Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Unified Family Court), 19 July 1993Source: Supreme Court of Canada, 26 June 2009Source: Children's Healthcare Is a Legal Duty, Inc. (CHILD) newsletter, 2007Source: Awake!, 22 May 1994

The organisation’s position or later explanation: Featured in Awake! 22 May 1994.

Show the evidence (4 sources)
Official public record Supported

Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Unified Family Court), “Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91; 348 A.P.R. 91”

19 July 1993 · Wells J. · Newfoundland & Prince Edward Island Reports

“(judgment not opened) — described as ruling the boy 'a mature minor whose wish to receive medical treatment without blood or blood products is to be respected'”

Adrian Yeatts, 15, St. John's; lymphoma/leukaemia; Child Welfare sought court-ordered transfusions and was refused; he died 13 Sept 1993.

Provenance and verification note for Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Unified Family Court), Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91; 348 A.P.R. 91

Confidence note. Citation verified via the SCC list of authorities; the CHILD Inc. newsletter (opened) gives 'In re Adrian Yeatts, 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 (Nfld. Unified Fam. Ct. 1993)'; death and dates corroborated by Awake! 22 May 1994 (lead-verified). The quoted ruling wording is from secondary summaries.

Corroborated by. src-scc-2009-ac-v-manitoba, src-child-2007-lindberg-newsletter, src-g-1994-0522-remembered-creator

Notes. The court permitted the refusal; death followed.

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-nfld-1993-re-ay

Official public record Verified

Supreme Court of Canada, “A.C. v. Manitoba (Director of Child and Family Services), 2009 SCC 30, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 181”

26 June 2009 · pp.para. 87; headnote · para. 87 · Abella J. (majority); Binnie J. dissenting · Supreme Court of Canada

“The more a court is satisfied that a child is capable of making a mature, independent decision on his or her own behalf, the greater the weight that will be given to his or her views when a court is exercising its discretion under s. 25(8).”

A.C., aged 14 years 10 months, admitted with lower GI bleeding from Crohn's disease; had signed an advance directive refusing blood; order of the applications judge dated 16 April 2006; the 'best interests' standard 'operates as a sliding scale of scrutiny'. 'Appeal dismissed, Binnie J. dissenting.' The list of authorities cites Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 and Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91.

Provenance and verification note for Supreme Court of Canada, A.C. v. Manitoba (Director of Child and Family Services), 2009 SCC 30, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 181

Confidence note. Opened the official SCC PDF (114 pp., bilingual); quotations and facts confirmed.

Scan provenance. Official SCC PDF of the reported judgment (S.C.R.), retrieved by curl

Corroborated by. src-crin-ac-v-manitoba

Notes. The court overrode the refusal; A.C. survived; costs awarded to her.

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-scc-2009-ac-v-manitoba

Discovery source only Verified

Children's Healthcare Is a Legal Duty, Inc. (CHILD) newsletter, “Dennis Lindberg — Boy dies after refusing blood”

2007 · pp.No. 4, 2007 · Rita Swan · CHILD, Inc., Sioux City, Iowa (child-welfare advocacy NGO)

“In 1993 the Supreme Court of Newfoundland ruled 15-year-old Adrian Yeatts a “mature minor” and rejected Child Welfare's petition for court-ordered transfusions.”

Also: Dennis Lindberg 'died at Children's Hospital in Seattle' on 28 Nov 2007, 'had turned 14 in September'; Bethany Hughes 'after 80 chemotherapy treatments and 38 transfusions'.

Provenance and verification note for Children's Healthcare Is a Legal Duty, Inc. (CHILD) newsletter, Dennis Lindberg — Boy dies after refusing blood

Confidence note. PDF opened and text extracted. Treated as advocacy (discovery-tier) for authority, though it supplies law-report citations.

Corroborated by. src-ap-2007-1128-lindberg-heraldnet

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-child-2007-lindberg-newsletter

Primary JW publication Verified

Awake!, “He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’”

22 May 1994 · pp.3-8 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.

“I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.”

The article, narrated by his father, describes Adrian Yeatts of Newfoundland, Canada, aged 14, diagnosed with a fast-growing abdominal lymphoma in March 1993 and subsequently leukaemia. Newfoundland’s Supreme Court (Justice Robert Wells) held in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected. He was baptised in a hospital physiotherapy tank on 12 September 1993 and the article records that he died the next day. A boxed item describes a bloodless heart transplant for three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Ohio in October 1993, reported a month later as doing well. The article also records the medical advice as the family reported it: Dr Jardine 'explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live'; 'chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions'; and it closes by saying that he rejected transfusions 'that could conceivably have extended his present life'.

Provenance and verification note for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’

Confidence note. Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026; names, dates and outcomes confirmed from the article text.

Corroborated by. src-g-1994-0522-contents

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-g-1994-0522-remembered-creator

Claim page

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